The National Institutes of Health (NIH) have announced the commencement of two long-awaited clinical trials as part of the RECOVER initiative. The first trials, RECOVER-NEURO and RECOVER-VITAL, will focus on studying interventions for long COVID cognitive dysfunction and viral persistence, respectively. Additionally, two more trials, RECOVER-SLEEP and RECOVER-AUTONOMIC, are expected to launch soon. These trials will not only test multiple treatments but also collect valuable data to inform one another.
Simultaneous Testing and Adaptability
One of the key advantages of the RECOVER trials is their ability to test multiple treatments simultaneously and be quickly adapted to evaluate new therapies. Each trial will target specific symptom clusters while also gathering information on the broader impact of the interventions. By following a platform protocol, the RECOVER trials allow for the testing of multiple targeted therapies within the same study, increasing efficiency and effectiveness.
RECOVER-NEURO aims to evaluate interventions for long COVID cognitive dysfunction. The trial will assess the effectiveness of interventions such as BrainHQ, a web-based training program, PASC-Cognitive Recovery, a goal-management training program, and transcranial direct current stimulation. On the other hand, RECOVER-VITAL will initially focus on treating viral persistence in individuals with long COVID. The first intervention will test the antiviral medication nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) administered over a long regimen of up to 25 days.
In addition to cognitive dysfunction and viral persistence, the RECOVER initiative includes trials targeting other long COVID symptoms. RECOVER-SLEEP will investigate interventions for changes in sleep patterns or the inability to sleep after having COVID-19. The trial will study the effectiveness of interventions such as melatonin and sleep coaching. RECOVER-AUTONOMIC will primarily focus on postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and test multiple drugs in various arms to evaluate their potential benefits.
Despite ongoing research, the biologic underpinnings of long COVID remain largely unknown. This has prompted the establishment of the RECOVER trials to identify and evaluate treatments that can improve the function and well-being of individuals with different symptom clusters. The trials will be conducted as phase II studies and have the flexibility to adjust rapidly as needed to ensure the safety and efficacy of the interventions.
A Step Forward with Room for Improvement
The launch of the RECOVER initiative is seen as a positive development in the fight against long COVID. However, some experts have expressed concerns about its comprehensiveness. Ziyad Al-Aly, a clinical epidemiologist at Washington University in St. Louis, believes that the current scope of the trials may not encompass all the potential underlying mechanisms of long COVID, such as microclots and the microbiome.
While the RECOVER initiative is a significant step forward, there is a need for greater urgency and resolve in addressing long COVID. Millions of patients continue to suffer from its debilitating symptoms, necessitating a comprehensive and swift response. It is crucial to explore all potential mechanisms and hypotheses to ensure a holistic approach towards understanding and treating this complex condition effectively.
Recognizing the importance of addressing long COVID, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has announced the formation of the Office of Long COVID Research and Practice. Admiral Rachel Levine, MD, Assistant Secretary for Health, will lead this office, coordinating the efforts of 14 federal departments working on long COVID. The goal is to improve the quality of life for individuals with long COVID symptoms and reduce existing disparities.
The establishment of the Long COVID Coordinating Office and the launch of the RECOVER clinical trials signify a strong commitment to addressing the challenges posed by long COVID. President Biden’s call to action has been answered, and ongoing efforts seek to prioritize long COVID as a pressing public health concern. With continued research and collaborative efforts, there is hope for improved outcomes and a better future for individuals affected by long COVID.
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